柳州市市辖区古树名木资源特征分析

通过对柳州市市辖区古树名木资源特征进行分析,结果显示,古树名木共有2 236株,隶属29科、42属、52种;古树树龄呈金字塔结构;国家级重点保护树种6种,共285株;古树名木生长状况良好,树高整体呈近似正态分布,胸径与冠幅呈正偏态分布;古树名木权属以国有为主,各市辖区古树名木数量分布存在明显差异;古树名木主要集中在远郊野外,以群团状分布为主。针对市辖区古树名木存在的问题提出了加强技术指导、制定古树保护管理手册、提高意识等建议。     

Potential and actual uses of zeolites in crop protection

In this review, it is demonstrated that zeolites have a potential to be used as crop protection agents. Similarly to kaolin, zeolites can be applied as particle films against pests and diseases. Their honeycomb framework, together with their carbon dioxide sorption capacity and their heat stress reduction capacity, makes them suitable as a leaf coating product. Furthermore, their water sorption capacity and their smaller particle sizes make them effective against fungal diseases and insect pests. Finally, these properties also ensure that zeolites can act as carriers of different active substances, which makes it possible to use zeolites for slow‐release applications. Based on the literature, a general overview is provided of the different basic properties of zeolites as promising products in crop protection. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

西南地区几种典型边坡植被的护坡效益分析

植被对边坡防护有着非常重要的作用,但其防护效果易受配置模式及建植年限的影响。以西南地区5种典型边坡植被配置模式为对象,比较了不同配置模式的护坡性能及建植年限等因素所致的年际间差异。坡上设景观过渡带（株行距分别为0.5 m×0.5 m,0.05 m×0.1 m的小乔木、地被植物）,坡下为不同配置的坡面防护带（喷播密度为10 g/m²的灌木、草本植物）:M₁为慈竹—野牛草,M₂为小冠花—紫羊茅,M₃为苜蓿—狗牙根,M₄为小冠花—黑麦草,M₅为黄荆—狗尾草。测定了成渝高速永川段2012—2014年各植被配置模式在自然降雨条件下的产流、产沙特征。结果表明:（1）建坪初期,狗尾草所在群落（M₅）生长快、成坪早,在2012年汛期即呈现较强的护坡性能:蓄水、保土能力分别达到59.14%,96.22%,产流量、产沙量（61.2 mm,52.0 g/m²）也明显低于其他小区（p < 0.05）;狗牙根、黑麦草等多年生草本所在群落成坪迟、生长慢,护坡性能普遍较差。（2）2013年汛期,M₁—M₄的护坡性能较2012年明显提高,以M₃,M₄最为显著。（3）2014年汛期,具有发达根系的狗牙根所在群落护坡性能最强:蓄水、保土能力分别达到80.03%,98.49%;M₅的护坡性能最差,其产流量、产沙量（62.1 mm,150.33 g/m²）也明显高于其他观测区。相同降雨条件下,边坡植被的护坡性能与群落结构有关,即建坪初期与地上生物量大小正相关,之后与根系重量正相关。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对1日龄低母源抗体水平雏鸡免疫效果的研究

将鸡传染性法代囊病病毒(IBDV)BX株抗原和IBDV高免血清按一定比例混合,初步制备了无菌的鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗1~5(分别含有32、8、4、0.5及0.125单位IBDV中和抗体),用鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗1~5及BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄低母源抗体水平雏鸡,免疫后9 d观察法氏囊病变,免疫后28 d采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后9 d,复合物疫苗1~3免疫组鸡法氏囊正常,复合物疫苗4、5免疫组和BX株活疫苗免疫组分别有2/10、4/10和5/10的试验鸡法氏囊出现了病变;免疫后28 d,复合物疫苗1~5免疫组和BX株活疫苗免疫组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为8.34log2、9.60log2、9.21log2、7.88log2、9.50log2和9.12log2,攻毒保护率分别为90%、100%、100%、80%、90%和80%。试验结果表明鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗2、3(分别含8、4单位IBDV中和抗体)免疫1日龄低母源抗体水平的雏鸡效果最好,攻毒保护率能达到100%。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对1日龄中等母源抗体水平雏鸡免疫效果的研究

将鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗和BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄中等母源抗体水平京红雏鸡,同时免疫1日龄SPF雏鸡作对照,免疫后第9天观察法氏囊病变,免疫后第28天采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后第9天,免疫复合物疫苗组SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡法氏囊均正常,BX株活疫苗组SPF雏鸡法氏囊出现了萎缩病变;免疫后第28天,对照SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡的免疫复合物疫苗组、BX活疫苗组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为9.2log2、8.5log2和 7.2log2、4.4log2,攻毒保护率均为100%。试验结果表明免疫复合物疫苗免疫1日龄中等水平母源抗体雏鸡效果很好,能产生较高的中和抗体,攻毒保护率能达到100%。     

小型无人直升机超低空飞行时下洗流场数值分析

为了研究小型植保无人直升机超低空飞行时下洗流场的特征,利用SolidWorks软件和Ansys Workbench软件建立全尺寸物理模型并抽取外流场,使用ICEM软件对模型进行网格划分,运用Fluent软件对小型无人机超低空飞行进行三维数值模拟研究.数值分析结果表明:小型无人直升机超低空飞行时下洗流场的主要运动形式为垂直向下运动,同时伴随有周向旋转运动和径向收缩运动;在旋翼0.8R(R为旋翼半径)位置下方,下洗流场速度最大;随着高度的降低,下洗流场速度逐渐减小,水平方向速度分布逐渐趋于平缓.获得的下洗流场数据为小型植保无人机的设计提供了参考依据.     

西双湖湿地公园现状分析与保护对策

分析西双湖湿地公园资源现状以及存在的不足,提出合理划分功能区与打造特色品牌等建议,探索促进湿地公园建设和可持续发展的对策,以进一步保护并恢复当地生态环境。     

农药和植保类中华农业科技奖获奖成果概况

概述了中华农业科技奖的基本情况,对2006年以来中华农业科技奖获奖成果进行了汇总整理,并重点统计分析了农药和植保类获奖成果情况。     

Common vole (Microtus arvalis) ecology and management: implications for risk assessment of plant protection products

Common voles (Microtus arvalis) are common small mammals in some European landscapes. They can be a major rodent pest in European agriculture and they are also a representative generic focal small herbivorous mammal species used in risk assessment for plant protection products. In this paper, common vole population dynamics, habitat and food preferences, pest potential and use of the common vole as a model small wild mammal species in the risk assessment process are reviewed. Common voles are a component of agroecosystems in many parts of Europe, inhabiting agricultural areas (secondary habitats) when the carrying capacity of primary grassland habitats is exceeded. Colonisation of secondary habitats occurs during multiannual outbreaks, when population sizes can exceed 1000 individuals ha^?1. In such cases, in‐crop common vole population control management has been practised to avoid significant crop damage. The species' status as a crop pest, high fecundity, resilience to disturbance and intermittent colonisation of crop habitats are important characteristics that should be reflected in risk assessment. Based on the information provided in the scientific literature, it seems justified to modify elements of the current risk assessment scheme for plant protection products, including the use of realistic food intake rates, reduced assessment factors or the use of alternativee focal rodent species in particular European regions. Some of these adjustments are already being applied in some EU member states. Therefore, it seems reasonable consistently to apply such pragmatic and realistic approaches in risk assessments for plant protection products across the EU. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

茄子品种DUS测试指南的研制

[目的] 植物品种特异性(distinctness)、一致性(uniformity)和稳定性(stability) 测试(简称：DUS测试)是品种保护、品种审定、品种登记的必要条件。研制茄子(Solanum melongena L.)品种DUS测试指南旨在为测试和品种权实质审查工作提供科学依据。[方法]以《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 总则》(GB/T19557.1)为总体原则,以国际植物新品种保护联盟颁布的《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 茄子》(TG/117/4)为参考,通过对243份茄子品种的田间试验和多次同行专家修订,完成茄子的DUS测试指南(国家标准报批稿)。[结果]指南确定了42个测试性状及描述方法,筛选出20个标准品种,明确了茄子特判定、一致性和稳定性判定的原则。[结论]指南为我国茄子DUS测试的品种描述和特异性、一致性、稳定性判定提供了技术标准。笔者重点介绍了指南的编制原则和过程、测试性状的选择和标准品种的选用,以及特异性、一致性、稳定性的判定标准。